Data Sources

Overnight / policy rates for the major central banks, proxied through /api/fred.

BIS-compiled 10Y sovereign yields, republished on FRED.

Direct BIS SDMX feed for central-bank policy rates and real effective exchange rates, used as a fallback layer alongside FRED and OECD.

IMF WEO Oct-2024 general-government debt projections 2019-2029, S&P/Moody’s/Fitch sovereign ratings mid-2025, 5Y sovereign CDS Sep-2025, sovereign default database 2000-2024 (Bank of Canada / Reinhart-Rogoff), Fed/ECB/BOJ/PBOC quarter-end balance sheet snapshots 2007-2025, BIS household debt 2024. Powers /debt.

IMF International Financial Statistics as a secondary source for policy rates and general-government gross debt, used when FRED / OECD coverage is thin.

Harvard Growth Lab Atlas of Economic Complexity for product-level exports and IMF Direction of Trade Statistics for bilateral flows. Powers /trade-network.

WTO Applied Tariffs 2024, PIIE US-China tariff timeline 2018-2025, Baltic Dry + Drewry World Container Index snapshots, RCEP/USMCA/CPTPP/EU/AfCFTA membership matrix, USGS + SEMI supply-chain concentration, UNCTAD maritime chokepoints. Powers /trade-ledger.

Control of Corruption, Government Effectiveness, Political Stability, Regulatory Quality, Rule of Law, Voice & Accountability. Fetched via source=3 (dedicated WGI database).

27 currency pairs (16 USD-quoted, 11 derived crosses) with 30-day sparklines. Proxied through /api/frankfurter.

Rolling 90-day return-correlation matrix computed client-side from FRED + Frankfurter daily rates.

Oil (WTI, Brent), gold, iron ore, aluminium, copper, wheat. 30-day sparklines rendered client-side.

US Energy Information Administration international data via /api/eia. Falls back to a static snapshot when EIA is unavailable.

SIPRI Military Expenditure Database published on the World Bank API. USA slot backfilled from FRED FDEFX (scaled to absolute US$).

Trend indicator values in constant 1990 US$.

Ranked by arms-related revenue in the most recent SIPRI Top 100 release.

Curated 2018-2024 spending for 15 major spenders. Used as a fallback layer when the live WB fetch is unavailable; live values always win where present.

Estimated 2025 defense spending as % of GDP, from NATO Public Diplomacy Division annual release.

Deployed / reserve / retired warhead counts for the nine nuclear-armed states, per the Federation of American Scientists.

Uppsala Conflict Data Program v25.1. Annual deaths grouped by region plus active state-based conflict counts.

UN Fifth Committee approved peacekeeping budget and active mission count.

Public education spending, tertiary enrolment, adult literacy.

Curated top-100 university list plus per-country top-university mapping.

Cultural / natural / mixed heritage sites by country, plus UNESCO Creative Cities and creative-goods trade metrics.

Creative-industries exports as a share of goods trade, from UNCTAD Creative Economy Outlook.

International tourism receipts and arrivals, from UN Tourism Barometer.

PISA is a triennial 15-year-old assessment. The 2022 wave is the current release; the next wave is expected end of 2026. Reading / math / science mean scores by country.

Absolute CO₂ (kt), per-capita CO₂ (t), and methane / N₂O expressed as kt CO₂-equivalent.

Coal share, renewables share, fossil-fuel share of total energy consumption.

Forest area (% of land) and terrestrial protected areas (% of land).

Mean annual population-weighted exposure to PM2.5, benchmarked against the WHO 5 µg/m³ guideline.

Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to the UNFCCC NDC Registry. Falls back to 2030 target where a 2035 pledge has not yet been submitted.

Operating / under-construction / announced / retired GW of coal generation by country.

Cumulative pledged vs disbursed climate finance by donor, plus the annual $100Bn Copenhagen mobilisation series.

Annual counts of floods, storms, droughts, wildfires and extreme-temperature events grouped by continent.

Land-ocean temperature anomaly vs 1951-1980 base period. Snapshot of the annual mean series.

Curated visa policy matrix (visa-free / visa-on-arrival / eTA / visa-required) for major passports, plus mobility & advisory scoring. Powers the /cultural-capital passport tab.

Personal remittances received (current US$). WB series updated annually; some low-income coverage is sparse.

Foreign-born population totals, updated via UN DESA into the WB indicator. Powers the Migration Ledger.

UNHCR data surfaced via the World Bank indicator API. Complemented by the curated UNHCR mid-2025 stock snapshot.

UNHCR mid-2025 refugee stocks by origin, KNOMAD top-25 remittance corridors, UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024, Eurostat EU asylum applications 2015-2024, OECD talent migration (brain drain/gain), IOM Missing Migrants Project deaths by route 2014-2024. Powers /migration-ledger.

WHO Global Health Expenditure Database 2023 spend-outcome pairs, IHME Global Burden of Disease 2023 DALY series, Johns Hopkins Global Health Security Index 2021 + WHO JEE core capacity, Pharma Intelligence top-15 R&D 2024, WHO Mental Health Atlas 2020 prevalence + treatment gap, dual-burden obesity/undernutrition (WHO NCD Atlas 2022). Powers /health-ledger.

IEA Electricity 2025 generation mix, BNEF Global Storage Outlook 2024 battery build-out 2015-2030, IGU World LNG Report 2024 top flows, IAEA PRIS Sep-2025 reactor status + policy stance, EIA International Energy Statistics 2024 + BP Statistical Review proven reserves, IEA WEO 2024 capacity factors, IEA Efficiency 2024 intensity. Powers /energy-ledger.

ILO Global Wage Report 2024 median PPP hourly wages + real growth, OECD/ICTWSS union density 2023, ILO informal employment 2023, UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024 working-age 2000-2050, OECD Employment Outlook 2024 AI exposure + complementarity, ILO gender-LFP 2023, ILO youth-unemployment 2024. Powers /labor-ledger.

Stanford AI Index 2024/25 notable-model counts, Epoch AI frontier model release registry 2018-2025, SEMI + TrendForce foundry capacity Q2-2025, Stanford AI Index + CB Insights AI private-market investment 2018-2024, IEA Electricity 2025 data-centre energy projections, MacroPolo Global AI Talent Tracker, 2023-2025 AI regulation timeline (EU AI Act, US EOs, GAISI, PRC generative-AI rules). Powers /ai-ledger.

Individuals using the internet (% of population) and mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, from the ITU DataHub.

Resident and non-resident patent applications by country, from WIPO IP Statistics.

EU-27 R&D expenditure, EPO patent applications, and high-tech exports as share of total. Fetched from the Eurostat SDMX endpoint.