The Health Ledger

Spending, Outcomes, Resilience

How much the world spends on health, what it gets in return, and where the gaps still are. World Bank health-expenditure and life-expectancy series joined with WHO GHED, IHME Global Burden of Disease, Johns Hopkins GHS, Pharma Intelligence R&D and WHO Mental Health Atlas snapshots.

WHO GHED 2023, IHME GBD 2023, JHU GHS Index 2021 + JEE, Pharma Intelligence R&D 2024, WHO Mental Health Atlas 2020, IEA and UN DESA 2024 snapshots — snapshot dated 2025-09-15 (1 year ago). Curated data may lag the live series. View data sources.
Updated 1.0 yr agosource: Curated
curated
US health spend / cap
$12,555
vs OECD median $6,360
Top-15 pharma R&D 2024
$146B
~60% of global pharma R&D
Worst mental-health gap
93.8%
NGA untreated (WHO)
Communicable-disease DALYs
-54%
1990 → 2023
Live: WB SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS (health spend %GDP), SP.DYN.LE00.IN (life expectancy), SH.DYN.MORT (mortality). Curated: WHO GHED, IHME GBD 2023, JHU GHS Index 2021, Pharma Intelligence 2024, WHO Mental Health Atlas 2020.
Chapter 1

The Health Spending Landscape

Top per-capita spenders in USD. The US pays more than double most of the OECD; low-income countries spend less than $100 per person per year on health. The ticker above cycles through the top 12.

Chapter 2

Spending vs Outcomes

Health spending per capita on the x-axis, life expectancy on the y-axis. Most countries cluster along a curve of diminishing returns; the US is the outlier that pays much more and lives shorter.

Chapter 3

Life-Expectancy Divergence

1990-2023 average life expectancy by World Bank income group. Convergence stalled after 2015 and briefly reversed during COVID. The HIC-LIC gap is still ~16 years.

Chapter 4

Pandemic Preparedness

Johns Hopkins Global Health Security Index + WHO JEE core-capacity scores. Even the highest-ranked countries fell short during COVID; the ranking system itself is being re-evaluated.

Chapter 5

The Pharma Industry

Top-15 pharmaceutical firms by 2024 R&D spend. Concentrated in the US (7), Europe (7) and Japan (1). Chinese firms are growing fast but not yet in the top-15 by absolute R&D.

Chapter 6

Obesity vs Undernutrition

The 'double burden' paradox: countries battling obesity and undernutrition simultaneously. Ultra-processed cheap calories meet inadequate micronutrient intake in the same population.

Live health data via World Bank API proxy. Curated snapshots refreshed 2025-09-15. Spend-outcome pairs from WHO GHED 2023, life-expectancy series from World Bank SP.DYN.LE00.IN, disease-burden shift from IHME Global Burden of Disease 2023, pandemic-preparedness from Johns Hopkins GHS Index 2021 + WHO JEE, pharma R&D from Pharma Intelligence 2024, mental-health from WHO Mental Health Atlas 2020. Loading…