Politics Ledger · Europe
Belgium
Liberal democracyConstitutional monarchyFederal
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Belgium parliamentary seats — snapshot dated Elected 9 June 2024 (2y 5mo ago). Curated data may lag the live series. View data sources.
In charge
Bart De Wever
Prime Minister
Time in power
1.7 yrs
since 2025
Government seats
55%
majority
Next national vote
2029-06
Federal
Governance score
84/100
composite of five indices
Created in 1830 as a buffer state, Belgium evolved from a unitary, French-speaking-dominated monarchy into a complex federation of language communities and regions, with separate Flemish and Francophone party systems.
Leadership
Who Governs Belgium
Head of state
Philippe
King of the Belgians
Since 21 July 2013 · 13.3 years
Age 66 (born 1960)ManRoute to power: hereditary
Head of government
Holds executive powerBart De Wever
Prime Minister · N-VA
Since 3 February 2025 · 1.7 years
Age 56 (born 1970)ManRoute to power: elected by parliament
Ruling coalition
"Arizona" coalition: N-VA, MR, Les Engagés, Vooruit and CD&V (82 seats)
Main opposition
Vlaams Belang, PS and PTB-PVDA
Last national election
9 June 2024
Federal, regional and European
N-VA stayed the largest party; Francophone centre-right MR and Les Engagés surged.
Next national election
By June 2029
Federal
First Flemish-nationalist prime minister.
Parliament
Chamber of Representatives
Seat distribution (Elected 9 June 2024), ordered from economic left to right.
| Party | Ideology | Seats | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) | Flemish nationalism, Conservatism | 24 | governing |
| Reformist Movement (MR) | Liberalism | 20 | coalition |
| Vlaams Belang (VB) | Flemish nationalism, Far right | 20 | opposition |
| Socialist Party (PS) | Social democracy | 16 | opposition |
| Workers' Party of Belgium (PTB-PVDA) | Marxism | 15 | opposition |
| Les Engagés (LE) | Centrism, Christian democracy | 14 | coalition |
| Vooruit (VOORUIT) | Social democracy | 13 | coalition |
| Christian Democratic and Flemish (CD&V) | Christian democracy | 11 | coalition |
| Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats (Open VLD) | Liberalism | 7 | opposition |
| Groen (Groen) | Green politics | 6 | opposition |
| Ecolo and DéFI (OTH) | Green politics, Francophone liberalism | 4 | opposition |
Ideology
Party Landscape
Each party placed on economic and social axes, sized by seats.
Institutions
The System
- Official name
- Kingdom of Belgium
- Capital
- Brussels
- Population
- 12 million
- Statehood
- Independence 1830; Constitution 1831; federal since 1993
- System
- Constitutional monarchy
- Structure
- Federal
- Current constitution
- 1831
- Legislature
- Federal Parliament
- Lower / sole chamber
- Chamber of Representatives (150 seats)
- Upper chamber
- Senate (60)
- Electoral system
- Open-list proportional by province with a 5% threshold; compulsory voting.
- Term limits
- None for the prime minister.
Sources
- Chamber of Representatives
- IBZ Elections
- EIU Democracy Index 2024; Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2025; RSF World Press Freedom Index 2025; Transparency International CPI 2024; IPU Parline, 2026; V-Dem v15 Liberal Democracy Index (approximate five-year readings)
Last verified 2026-10-29. Party placements are editorial estimates.
Data as of 2026-10-29.