Politics Ledger · Europe
Portugal
Liberal democracySemi-presidential republicUnitary
LightDark
Portugal parliamentary seats — snapshot dated Elected 18 May 2025 (1y 6mo ago). Curated data may lag the live series. View data sources.
In charge
Luís Montenegro
Prime Minister
Time in power
2.6 yrs
since 2024
Government seats
40%
minority
Next national vote
2029-05
Legislative
Governance score
82/100
composite of five indices
Europe's oldest nation-state within stable borders, Portugal led the first global maritime empire, endured Salazar's 48-year dictatorship and returned to democracy through the 1974 Carnation Revolution.
Leadership
Who Governs Portugal
Head of state
António José Seguro
President · Socialist Party (suspended membership)
Since 9 March 2026 · 0.6 years
Age 64 (born 1962)ManRoute to power: won a popular election
Head of government
Holds executive powerLuís Montenegro
Prime Minister · Social Democratic Party (AD)
Since 2 April 2024 · 2.6 years
Age 53 (born 1973)ManRoute to power: won a popular election
Ruling coalition
Democratic Alliance (PSD-CDS) minority government
Main opposition
Chega (André Ventura), now ahead of the Socialists in seats
Last national election
8 February 2026
Presidential runoff
Seguro defeated Chega's Ventura with 66.8%.
Next national election
By May 2029
Legislative
Recent changes (last 12 months)
Parliament
Assembly of the Republic (unicameral)
Seat distribution (Elected 18 May 2025), ordered from economic left to right.
| Party | Ideology | Seats | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Alliance (PSD/CDS-PP) (AD) | Liberal conservatism | 91 | governing |
| Chega (CH) | Right-wing populism | 60 | opposition |
| Socialist Party (PS) | Social democracy | 58 | opposition |
| Liberal Initiative (IL) | Classical liberalism | 9 | confidence |
| Livre (L) | Eco-socialism | 6 | opposition |
| Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU) | Communism | 3 | opposition |
| Others (BE, PAN, JPP) (OTH) | Various | 3 | opposition |
Ideology
Party Landscape
Each party placed on economic and social axes, sized by seats.
Institutions
The System
- Official name
- Portuguese Republic
- Capital
- Lisbon
- Population
- 10.7 million
- Statehood
- Kingdom 1139/1143; republic 1910; Constitution 1976
- System
- Semi-presidential republic
- Structure
- Unitary
- Current constitution
- 1976
- Legislature
- Assembly of the Republic
- Lower / sole chamber
- Assembly of the Republic (unicameral) (230 seats)
- Electoral system
- Closed-list proportional (D'Hondt) in 22 districts.
- Term limits
- President: two consecutive five-year terms.
Sources
- Assembleia da República
- CNE
- EIU Democracy Index 2024; Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2025; RSF World Press Freedom Index 2025; Transparency International CPI 2024; IPU Parline, 2026; V-Dem v15 Liberal Democracy Index (approximate five-year readings)
Last verified 2026-10-29. Party placements are editorial estimates.
Data as of 2026-10-29.